Fuel injectors are electronically controlled valves that inject the right amount of fuel into the engine’s combustion chamber. It involves valves capable of opening and closing numerous times per second.
Carburetors were widely employed on internal combustion engines before the invention of fuel injectors, and this engine is still in use today. Carburetors are still used in many other devices, such as lawnmowers and chainsaws. However, the requirements of catalytic converters dictated the change to fuel injection.
Carburetors were first replaced with throttle body fuel injection systems. This system is known as a single-point or central fuel injection system.
The major parts of the fuel injection system are divided into two low and high-pressure sides. The low-pressure parts are the fuel tank, fuel filter and fuel supply pump.
The high-pressure side includes a pump with a high-pressure fuel injector, accumulator, fuel injector nozzle and more. Along with that, the injection nozzle has different actuation designs for various types of fuel injection systems.
As fuel needs to be transferred from the fuel tank to the injector system, the role is a low-pressure fuel system. Whereas from the fuel injector to the combustion chamber is the high-pressure system. Below is the role of the following parts:
Fuel Tank – The reservoir where the fuel is kept.
Fuel Pump – Transfers fuel from the tank to the fuel injection system.
Injection pump – This component measures and pressurizes gasoline for injection.
Governor – Fuel should supply in proportion to the load.
Fuel Injector – Gasoline is delivered to the cylinders via the injection pump.
Fuel filter – Keeps dirt, debris, and abrasive particles out of the injection system.
The single-point injection system was the first and easiest fuel injection system to replace carburetors. It has one or two injector nozzles in the throttle body, which is the throat of the engine’s air intake funnel.
This injector system is not as accurate as the one that came after it, but when compared to carburetors, it has greater control, is less costly, and is easier to maintain.
Separator injector nozzles are placed in each cylinder’s intake port in multiport fuel injectors. That is why the system is sometimes referred to as a port injector, since it directs the fuel vapour to the intake port, ensuring that it is entirely sucked into the piston.
One advantage of this injector is that it measures gasoline more precisely than a single point. It is also ideal for establishing the desired fuel-air ratio and essentially prevents the danger of gasoline condensing or collecting in the intake manifold.
This fuel injector is often referred to as sequential port fuel or time injection. Even though simple multiport injection employs numerous injectors, it is a form of multiport injection. They spray their gasoline simultaneously or consecutively, causing the fuel to linger for up to 150 milliseconds while the engine is idle.
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